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Medium⏱ time1.5 hr$ cost9

Hydraulic Arm

Water-filled syringes transmit force through tubes to move a cardboard arm — fluid power you can grip with.

Start building ↓
fig — working model Result first

The build

Step 01

Build the arm

Cut linked cardboard segments hinged at joints.

Step 02

Pair the syringes

Connect two water-filled syringes with tubing for each joint.

Step 03

Mount them

Fix one syringe to the base and the other to the moving part.

Step 04

Operate

Push one plunger and the other extends, moving the joint.

Working Principle

Water can't be compressed, so pushing one plunger forces an equal volume out the other, moving the linked joint — Pascal's principle in action.

The science behind it

A closer look

Pressure applied to a confined fluid transmits undiminished, letting small hand forces move larger loads through fluid links.

Take it further

Variables to test

  • 1 Use a fatter output syringe — more force or more motion?
  • 2 Add air bubbles — why does the arm get spongy?

More Physics